E- Monitoring Clothing Has Gradually Become The Second Skin Of Human Beings.

Smart fabrics and Wearable technology It is a unique and necessary object for researchers, designers and engineers to develop textiles and clothing products through interdisciplinary and interactive fields, and to innovate textile structures through integrating sensing, driving, electronic and energy aspects. Smart fabrics are considered as promoters of high quality of life and promoters of biomedical development because of their many functions and light and comfortable features. It is conducive to the development of the healthcare industry and contributes to the development of the health care industry. Spin Academic research on fashion and fashion design.

With the development of microelectronics and Informatics (computers, micro sensors, signal processing, transmission, etc.), multiple, intelligent and multi-functional textiles have gradually entered into people's life. Clothing is not only comfortable but also equipped with electronic equipment that meets different needs.

The technology of electronic interactive textile has been derived from the field of wearable computers years ago. Wearable computing devices are no longer a new topic, but the clumsy and awkward form that has been attached to people is in the past, instead of the interaction of touch, sound and temperature. Nevertheless, the research on electronic textile industry is still in the ascendant. We can clearly see several important research directions, which imply that those applications will be noticeable in the near future.

　 Modern E- clothing

　　 E- clothing In the past it meant that electronic products were attached to the body, but today's E- clothing can provide users with many convenient application procedures, and it does not look like two ordinary garments. It is seamlessly embedded in clothes that are familiar to the wearer, such as shirts. What remains to do is to guide users how to use and achieve the desired goals. For example, a suitable sensing position can make the wearer unable to feel its existence. For example, put one of them on the belt or place it in a designated protected part of the body. Compared with scattered parts, E- clothing has the advantage that the line is the textile fiber itself, and the line is not easily disrupted or entangled, hanging around the objects.

Of course, if you want the consumer to accept, these smart wear must be fashionable and good-looking. They can also place components in the interlining, pockets and sutures of textile fabrics. They can also be installed on ordinary components, such as buttons, rivets and zippers.

Different from past technology

Smart wear makes the electronic components further miniaturized so that they can be spread across the entire fabric. This also means that textile design experts are no longer traditional designers, but experts who know both medicine and electronics, and materials and fiber, including textile, clothing and fashion. Modern looms are highly automated, computerized, and capable of running at high speed. Weaving machines will use interleaving technology to insert conductive and sensing components into fiber products.

Conductive coating: using nickel or copper as a textile coating, using its typical chemical reaction conduction is a good solution. Electroplating technology has been used to coat conductive coatings in a uniform. It was very expensive in the past, but today, new technology can be used to reduce costs.

Vaporized coating: textile substrate is an open element, which can be made of vaporized metal, typically aluminum, and then concentrated on the surface to form a coating. The process of vaporization can produce various kinds of coatings with different thickness, and the degree of electrical conductivity is also different. At the same time, a relatively thin coating is being studied, and whether highly conductive vaporized coating depends on light fibers.

Conductive polyester: it is very difficult to use conventional methods. The coating on the textile substrate is conductive polymer, for example, polyaniline is a good conductive material. At present, these polymers are used for conductive and antistatic yarns, fibers and films. The coating has better conductivity than metal, and has good continuity and no corrosion.

Carbonization process: this process is used to make a garment to adapt to the change of temperature, so that the temperature range is within 0.5 degrees Celsius. This involves creating a textile charring oven at a temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius to produce conductive textiles.

Conductive ink: conductive ink technology provides another option for the development of electronic interactive textiles. With this technology, product interaction, such as T-shirts, voice books, packaging and wallpaper, has been patented. Conductive ink technology, even bending and washing, will not lose electrical conductivity. Conductive ink is currently used in various technologies, such as gravure, flexography and rotary screen printing, which can be applied to printed substrates by roller ink.

Authorization Technology: earlier, the technology of monitoring health was discussed to create intelligent textiles and make them conductive. Including input and output devices, sensors and power are necessary for creating electronic interactive textiles. Input devices, including keyboard, voice and handwriting recognition system, can be developed for textile data entry by electronic interaction. Output technologies include cathode ray tubes (CRT), liquid crystal displays (LCD), mirror displays and flexible light-emitting displays. A sensor is a small electronic device that receives and responds to stimuli and sends it to users related to electronic textile functions. They can be integrated into the textile substrate.

Energy: energy supply technology: batteries are usually supplied to activate various components in electronic textiles. In recent years, batteries have become smaller, but electricity is more abundant, waterproofing (washable) is stronger and cost is lower. A silver oxide paste made from screen printing is applied to the substrate and the battery is only 120 micron (m) thick. The energy generated by solar energy and human body is also regarded as the power source of electronic interactive textile technology.

Fiber materials: (A) natural conductive fibers: natural conductive or conductive metal fibers can be developed from conductive metals such as ferroalloys, nickel, titanium, aluminum, copper and carbon. The metal fiber is thin, with a diameter of only 1-80 microns or 0.001 to 0.080 millimeters. During tempering or shaving, fibers fall from the edges of the metal plate. But high conductivity metal fibers are expensive, and their fragile properties will damage rotational mechanical behavior over time. In addition, they are heavier than most textile fibers and are also very difficult to produce homogenous mixtures. (B) artificial conductive fibers: conductive fibers can also be electrically conductive by plating on metal and metal salts of charged materials such as copper sulfide and copper iodide. Electric coatings also provide relatively high conductivity, but only for conductive substrates, such as graphite and carbon fiber. Considering the complexity and cost of manufacturing, electroplating coatings are not usually used in textiles. All kinds of fibers are coated with metal salt coating, which can be used in the traditional textile industry. These coatings only have low conductivity. This greatly reduces the electrical conductivity of the fabric.

Combination method

Adhesion, binding and connection: the components are inserted into the textile substrate using conductive adhesive. Non toxic, highly conductive, highly flexible and highly flexible conductive adhesive can be used for bonding rigid components and flexible textile substrates. When the substrate is bent or tortuous, the circuit can move freely. Components can also be attached to conductive stitches to form a textile power loop. However, such bending causes the needle to link the base components to accelerate wear and tear in textile. The fiber textile web frame with electronic components can be directly stitched onto the fabric circuit. Thread guided electronic components can be sutured, perforated or woven, and the substrate restricts the specific location of the components, so that the conductive threads will eventually be balanced.

Sensor location: in some applications, such as motion detection sensors or microphones, the sensors placed can make huge difference in data quality. The quality of applications often depends on the quality of sensor data. For example, in the wear-resistant fabric, the relative position of the sensor can be changed by twisting and bending cloth. Some applications add voice signals, whose frequency range is limited by the distance between the two sensors.

Types of sensors: (A) blood pressure measurement sensors: pressure sensors are used to sense changes in blood pressure. The changes in electrical signals and pressure changes are directly proportional to the sensors and all components. After that, the main points will gradually release the pressure and follow the current until the pulse is detected. The pressure sensor device can read blood pressure changes and record or transform these data. (B) thermometer sensor: thermistor is very sensitive to temperature, and the resistance will vary with temperature. Unlike thermocouples, the resistance of a thermistor has no standard and is related to its temperature or distortion. There are two main types of thermistors: positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistance and negative temperature coefficient (NTC) resistance. Positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistor, resistance will increase with the increase of temperature. Negative temperature coefficient NTC thermistor, resistance will decrease in a nonlinear way with the increase of temperature. In order to reduce this nonlinear factor, several thermistor elements will be combined. Although the thermistor is more accurate than some other types of temperature sensors, they have a limited temperature range.

The simplest way to measure heart rate is to use heart rate sensor. It is measured by changes in the vascular structure and intensity of the fingertip, and the change of light intensity is reflected by the change of blood volume in the tissue. The instrument is simple and practical, it can be used to measure the heartbeat of people, and even to measure more other frequencies. The heart rate sensor measures BPM between 0 and 200 of heart rate.

Unlike electrocardiograph (ECG), the heart can monitor the electrical signals of the heart. The heart rate sensor can measure heartbeat by measuring the infrared transmittance of the blood vessels. The heart causes blood to pass through the blood vessels of the whole body, and the blood changes with time and the intensity of the corresponding light. The heart rate can be measured by this method.

Network and communication

Data are obtained from many sensors. Many problems, such as finding private sensors, layout of data paths in fabrics, processing of unit locations and path strategies, play an important role in designing fabric patterns, especially for power consumption. Interconnection is probably the most difficult area to deal with. In the electronics industry, interconnection involves not only connecting two lines, but also connecting electronic elements and wires. The common way to connect people is welding. Components can also be connected to wires, with connectors for insulation displacement and spot welding. On the other hand, two pieces of fabric can be sutured. When two pieces of e- textiles must be interrelated, we must consider the two problems at the same time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new types of connections between electronic components and textiles. If the e- fabric is wear-resistant, it is important to ensure that the wearer is comfortable. Most e- textile applications are independent applications, including embedded sensors and computing entities.

　 Fabric characteristics

Energy consumption also depends on the execution time of software and the way that data is retrieved from expanded memory. In addition, in fact, limited computation logic may increase the execution time of embedded fabrics.

Comfort: the textile materials used for wear-resistant fabrics are plastic and have enough comfort factor. When the thread in the fabric is replaced by wire, the hardness of the wire may change the quality and make the wearer uncomfortable. This is a consideration that should be taken into consideration in the design.